A chronic type of skin cancer, melanoma develops in melanocyte cells that are present in the upper layers of the skin. These cells produce the pigment melanin that gives the skin it’s color. It’s more aggressive than other skin cancers and can spread across various body parts if not diagnosed early.

However, diagnosing this condition is difficult as it can occur without any warning signs. Hence, a thorough study and understanding of the symptoms, prevention methods, and treatment of melanoma are vital to providing timely solutions at different stages of the condition.

The underlying symptoms of melanoma
The following symptoms are common that need further diagnosis to treat melanoma successfully:

• Significant changes in skin conditions like new spots, abnormal coloring of the skin, and others
• A sore that doesn’t heal
• A sore that bleeds continuously
• Persistent pain with itchiness and tenderness of the sore
• A smooth, waxy, or shiny lump
• A crusty red lump accompanied by bleeding
• A red and itchy spot that is red and rough

Measures to prevent melanoma
While there is no way cancer can be definitively prevented, one can lower the chances of it developing by following these methods.

Avoid midday sun exposure
Sunrays are most powerful from anywhere between 10 am to 4 pm. Make sure to stay indoors during this time. Even during winters, avoid going outside during the mentioned time since UV rays can easily penetrate through clouds.

Wear clothes that protect your skin
Wear dark and full clothing whenever possible. While you can’t wear them in summers, stay indoors for the most part. You can try photoprotective clothing too.

Wear sunscreen during all seasons
Most sunscreens come with UV filters that prevent your skin from absorbing the radiation that causes skin cancers. Apply sunscreen at regular intervals, and even during working out.

Know your skin condition well
Always keep a close eye on your skin to check for any new or strange spots. Regularly check your face, legs, fingers, and any existing moles and freckles.

Avoid tanning lamps and beds
Avoid using these products since they emit strong UV rays and increase the risk of developing skin cancers.

Melanoma treatment options
Depending on the stages of the condition, there are different and effective treatment options to cure melanoma. Among the various treatment options, doctors choose the procedure according to the symptoms of melanoma and what might help with the prevention of its recurrence.

Chemotherapy
It’s a popular therapy that uses drugs administered orally or intravenously to destroy malignant cells. The treatment also ensures that cancer cells don’t multiply further.

Radiation therapy
This method involves directing intense X-rays, to the affected surface, that destroy the cancer cells. The machine radiates the rays and is blocked via special procedures to reduce side-effects.

Lymph node dissection
This technique involves the complete removal of all lymph nodes in the affected area. This treatment needs a long recovery period, and fluid buildup is common, leading to lymphedema. Certain medications will also be given to cure this condition effectively.

Surgical removal
Initially, a biopsy is performed to remove a part of the lesion to detect its stage. Doctors use a scalpel to remove the tumor along with a part of the normal skin to ensure its completely removed.